With over 1300 ethnic groups, Indonesia boasts immense cultural diversity. The largest ethnic group, the Javanese, represents around 40% of the population. Other major groups include Sundanese, Batak, Minangkabau, and Balinese. While Bahasa Indonesia is the official language, over 700 local languages are spoken throughout the islands.

The motto of Indonesia, "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" (Unity in Diversity), reflects the harmonious coexistence of different ethnicities, languages, and religions.